Ruby is a general-purpose scripting language created 10 years ago in Japan. Contrary to popular belief, it is a pure object-oriented language. Unlike Java technology, Ruby has no scalars, so everything, including integers, are first-class objects. Ruby’s syntax borrows heavily from Smalltalk, Python, and Ada. Like the Java programming language, Ruby is a single inheritance language, but it offers some advanced features that Java technology does not, such as closures (think anonymous inner classes on steroids) and mix-ins (similar to interfaces, but less tightly bound to the class). Ruby is also highly portable, running on all major operating systems.
Ruby is also red-hot right now. People are starting to use it for the types of applications where it excels. Because it is interpreted and uses dynamic typing, you can do all sorts of magic tricks at run time that are very difficult in Java. One of the surprising capabilities enabled by dynamic typing and expressive syntax is the ability to create domain-specific languages in Ruby that allow you to work at a higher level of abstraction, away from the “raw” syntax of the language
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